The present study was aimed to study the seasonal abundance and. Media in category eriosoma the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. Earwig forficula auricularia predation on the woolly. Mechanisms of woolly aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausm. A new distribution map is provided for eriosoma lanigerum hsm. Woolly apple aphid waa, eriosoma lanigerum, is an important pest of apples, occurring throughout the applegrowing regions of the world. Aphididae common names woolly apple aphid puceron lanigkre du pommier blutlaus pulgon lanigero del mantano principal hosts 21 malus pamila apple especially dwarf varieties occasionally but not a serious pest. The woolly apple aphid waa, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, is an important pest of apple orchards worldwide, causing direct damage through feeding by the highly specialized piercingsucking mouthparts. However, in warmer locations or protected sites some nymphs can survive on the roots of apple. Apple woolly aphid, erosoma lanigerum hausmann hemiptera. Article pdf available in journal of nematology 462.
Of nearctic origin, the pest has a wide geographical distribution and occurs throughout the middle east host plants. Pdf laboratory bioassays to determine susceptibility of. Specific approval and amendment first approved in 2006. Eriosoma lanigerum erislaoverview eppo global database. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble english words left, right, up, down from the falling squares. Aphididae, is a worldwide pest of apple malus domestica borkhausen. Woolly apply aphid predation by the common earwig, forficula auricularia l. Eriosoma lanigerum, woolly apple aphid waa, is an important pest of apples in the western cape province of south africa and in other applegrowing areas of the world. Eriosoma lanigerum an overview sciencedirect topics. A series of experiments in virginia, usa apple orchards evaluated the temporal effects of natural enemies on eriosoma lanigerum hausmann hemiptera. Mouthpart structure in the woolly apple aphid eriosoma. Aphididae colonies on potted and mature apple trees.
In spring eriosoma ulmi fundatrices develop in yellowish or whitish green galls on elm see first picture below. A handbook of the destructive insects of victoria with notes on the methods to be adopted to check and extirpate them 1891 14595140718. This aphid is globally distributed mostly in temperate regions of the world. Eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, 1802 woolly apple aphid, american blight on ulmus, primary host plant gall.
Woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, in south africa. Annual report of the nebraska state horticultural society 18244672919. Aphid colonies were discovered and exterminated primarily by earwigs much more rapidly in the high and intermediate earwig density plots than in the low. A new profile in the journal of integrated pest management busts some myths about the european earwig forficula auricularia. Knowledge of the seasonal abundance and type of spatial distribution of any insect pest is the prerequisite to formulate a reliable sampling programme for that species. Exclusion cage studies using potted trees resulted in increasing colony numbers on fully caged trees and declining colony numbers or colony extinction on trees exposed to natural enemies. Documents about eriosoma lanigerum erisla number title download. The diploid chromosome number is 2n 12, although male sexuales are apparently 2n 11 gautam and verma, 1983a. The aphid forms densely packed colonies covered with white, waxy, filamentous secretions, on the aboveground parts and on the roots of apple trees. The fundatrices and their apterous offspring are dark green and waxcovered.
Woolly aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann apple best. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of eriosoma. The complete life cycle requires one year to complete, involving both a winter host of elm and summer hosts of apple, crabapple, or mountainash. Most eriosoma species spend the winter as eggs in cracks and crevices of elm bark. Woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum, research in india.
In organic orchards where the pest is often troublesome, emphasis should be placed on cultural control measures such as the provision of artificial refuges for earwigs and, if practicable, physical destruction of colonies in spring high volume sprays of fatty acids should be applied when damaging infestations develop. Various approaches to use beneficial insects were not really effective. It reproduces all year round on apple and crab apple. Pm100228 eppo a1 and a2 lists of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests 2019. Resistance of a number of apple accessions to the woolly apple aphid waa eriosoma lanigerum hausm. Woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann ecology and its relationship with climatic variables and natural enemies in mediterranean areas. It is a native of north america, where the american elm ulmus americana linnaeus urticales. All three indices indicated a highly aggregated distribution of the aphid in the apple orchard. The infestation is spread by nursery plants and air currents. Two experiments were conducted under glasshouse conditions in.
Compounds in aphid saliva that are toxic to trees are partly responsible for the severity of this. Ulmaceae is the primary host and apple the secondary one. Laboratory bioassays to determine susceptibility of woolly apple. Pdf winter treatments against the woolly apple aphid. Pdf woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann. Mimaphidus lanata salisbury mimaphidus lanigerum hausmann mimaphidus mali leach myzoxyles lanigerum hausmann myzoxyles mali leach myzoxylos lanata salisbury schizoneura lanigera hausmann. Laboratory bioassays to determine susceptibility of woolly. Eriosoma lanigerum on apple eriosoma lanigerum on apple 20070401 00. Biology and management practices, with focus on the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes and. Electronically monitored stylet penetration pathway of. The probing behaviour of woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum homoptera. Woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hausmann ecology and. The wax is produced after each moult so newly moulted. Eriosoma lanigerum synonyms, eriosoma lanigerum pronunciation, eriosoma lanigerum translation, english dictionary definition of eriosoma lanigerum.
Winter treatments against the woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum. Eriosoma lanigerum is an exotic species in the middle east. It has a narrow host range, feeding almost entirely on rosaceous plants. The management of waa primarily entails the use of resistant. Eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, 1802 kingdom animalia animals. In the older literature it was assumed that this species also, or perhaps originally, occurs in north america and there passes a spring generation on elm. Pyrus cotoneaster cydolzia geographical distribution 4 par cotoneaster quince eppo region. Stupid mouse trap mouse trap with water bottle easy saving mouse mouse trap in action duration. The sourcing of new resistant accessions and understanding their resistance mechanisms are significant aspects of a breeding strategy for durable resistance.
Eriosoma lanigerum primarily a bark feeder on aerial parts and roots of apple and other trees american blight, woolly apple aphid eriosoma, genus. The adults of eriosoma lanigerum are small to mediumsized aphids, up to 2mm long, and have an elliptical shape, are reddish brown to purple in colour but the colour is normally hidden by the white cottonlike secretion from the specialised glands in the aphids abdomen which gives it the common name of woolly apple aphid. Insecta, hemimetabola, hemiptera, sternorrhyncha, aphidoidea, aphididae common name. Aphididae, is one of the most important insect pests of apple throughout the world. Alates are produced from july to november and lay nymphs with degenerate mouth parts. Abstract wodlly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hsm. Aphididae, was monitored on woody tissues of the susceptible apple malus domestica cultivar royal gala, using the electrical penetration graph epg technique.
On their secondary host apple eriosoma lanigerum wingless females are purple, red or brown and are covered in thick white flocculent wax. Entomopathogenic nematodes epns of the families steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae have generated intensive interest as inundative biocontrol agents of pest insects. Eriosoma lanigerum is mostly a temperate aphid species and extensively codistributed with cultivated apple. To obtain a better understanding of feeding, the morphology of mouthparts of the waa was examined using scanning electron microscopy sem. The body length of eriosoma lanigerum apterae is 1. Spatial distribution and interaction of eriosoma lanigerum. This is produced by distinct wax glands on the head and along the thorax and abdomen. Though perceived as a pest, it is actually an underappreciated biological control agent and likely a beneficial insect in most apple. Woolly apple aphid waa, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann hemiptera. The spatial distribution of the woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, in a 41yrold apple orchard was analyzed using the negative binomialparameter k, taylors power law, and iwaos regression technique. Eriosoma lanigerum definition of eriosoma lanigerum by. Media in category eriosoma lanigerum the following 21 files are in this category, out of 21 total. Woolly apple aphid, eriosoma lanigerum hausmann, in.
Aphid colonies on the trunk, branches or twigs can cause deformations, blisters, splitting and cancerlike swellings of the bark blackman and eastop, 1984. Considering resistance of waa against certain insecticides and the inability of. Field evaluations of the contribution of predators and the. The stylet penetration pathway of the probing aphid was studied by analysing the waveforms of different patterns and voltage levels. Concepts of apple rootstock breeding and selection. The pest is controlled in the nursery either by diptreatment with fenitrothion 0. Discovery of three woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum hemiptera. Eriosoma lanigerum noun the noun eriosoma lanigerum has 1 sense 1. Download fulltext pdf potential of entomopathogenic nematodes to control woolly apple aphid eriosoma lanigerum. Eriosoma lanigerum erisladocuments eppo global database. Ang eriosoma lanigerum sakop sa kahenera nga eriosoma sa kabanay nga aphididae.
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